Cell Phones Should Be Allowed While Driving †Agree or...

Stephanie Davis 9/14/12 US. History and Government Ms. Thomas Cell Phones Should Be Allowed While Driving – Agree or Disagree In my opinion cell phones should not be allowed while driving. The reason in which I say this is because if you have your cell phone out while driving you can cause injury or death upon both you and/or another individual either in your car or another. While driving you are to pay full attention to the road and where you’re driving to and not the phone it is a distraction. For an example, On July 10, 1998 a male of the age 16 sent his 18 year old brother who was driving home a text message saying to bring home food. Because of that text his brother crashed while in the middle of reading it and died†¦show more content†¦When you add the potential distractions of texting or talking on the phone while driving the equation and the situation could be become extremely dangerous very quickly. Teenagers are the most likely to use a cell phone while driving because they always have something to do. Lets say for example you are driving and you are texting and during the time tha t you are texting your head is down and your crossing a stop light and at the same time a big truck is coming, you would end up dead or severely damaged with probably a concussion or a coma. Website Citing * â€Å"2011 Distracted Driving Statistics† - http://www.edgarsnyder.com/car-accident/cell-phone/cell-phone-statistics.html *lt;http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=150549Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay on Cell Phone Driving1100 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of cell phones in drivers have been linked too frequently in accidents. There are too many distractions in life as it is, are we so arrogant to think that we are such amazing drivers that we can do several things at once? Most accidents involving cell phones wouldn t have happened if the driver wasn t distracted. When we drive that should be the only activity we are doing. Posted by: Gri5Helpful Report Post Like Reply 0 0 Cell phone usage while driving shouldRead MoreSocial Medias Impact On Distracted Driving1103 Words   |  5 PagesEnzugusi Distracted Driving Distracted driving is a very serious and controversial topic. Transportation plays such a huge role in people’s lives considering everyone has a busy schedule and they want to get to where they are going quickly while staying connected. There are 600,000 drivers attempting to use their phone at any given time throughout each and every day. To give some perspective on the issue, The National Safety Council reports that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 millionRead MoreThe Issue Of Texting And Driving Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pageshit a man with two tons of steel at forty miles per hour with no one else around; I was texting and driving. While I was aware of the possible consequences of texting and driving, I did not think too much about it until I collided with this man. I may not have killed the pedestrian, but the jury was unable to convict me of anything because they had no hard proof of my suspected texting and driving. The fourth amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches or seizures, and states that no warrantsRead More Should the Age for Getting a License be Higher Than 16? Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesmore careless with their driving over the years. It may be the teens lack of experience or that they are just too young to have the responsibility of driving a car. As the years have gone by, teens have become more distracted while driving. With their cell phones buzzing uncontrollably, the music blaring, and their friends yelling in the back seat; teens are having a hard time focusing on the other drivers around them. Teenagers have a very hard time â€Å"multitasking† while driving, posing more of a hazardRead MoreMobile Phone Usage Patterns Amongst University Students: a Comparative Study Between India and Usa9448 Words   |  38 PagesSayan Chakraborty. Mobile phone usage patterns amongst university students: A comparative study between India and USA. A Master’s Paper for the M.S. in I.S degree. April, 2006 . 53 pages. Advisor: Diane Kelly Mobile phones are one of the most common information access devices with almost 31% of the global population having access. This exploratory study investigated usage patterns of, and attitude about, cell phones among university students in a mature market (United States) and a rapidly growingRead MoreCar Accidents in Lebanon3057 Words   |  13 Pagesdiffer in the importance of their implementation. Some of the causes are direct such as: use of seatbelt, texting while driving, speeding, and drinking and driving, while others are indirect such as road infrastructure, rules forced and implemented, and efficiency of driving tests. To reduce the percentage and bad effects of car accidents every citizen must start by changing his driving attitudes and try to implement rules and regulations, therefore to help humanitarian organization in reaching theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book By Turkle Talks About How Everyone Is So Always On The Internet1945 Words   |  8 Pagesand live their liv es online and can get an education, get married, etc. online. Turkle then worries about how technology is robbing us from real experiences and real people. Response: I agree that we depend too much on technology nowadays and teenagers are constantly on their phones. Everything on our cellular phones, computers, tablets, etc. keep us disconnected from the real world. It is much easier to talk about your feelings online than it is to talk about them with a real person face-to-face.Read MoreMobile Phones5820 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Mobile Phones: A boon or a bane By Ankita S., ahmedabad, India More by this author Email me when Ankita S. contributes work Image Credit: Joseph S., San Anselmo, CA Is a knife useful instrument or a perilous weapon? It depends on how it is used. Same implies with the case of technology. The greatest invention are those which affect the mass of people; and of those greatest invention is cell phones .It would be very ungrateful on our parts not to recognise how imperative are they to us. Cell phonesRead MoreDeification of Technology2086 Words   |  9 Pagesthe term technology in this essay is modern technology – from telephones and computers to stem-cell research and cloning. Currently we are living literally in the age of technology, meaning it is impossible to live without technology. In theory of course we could still survive or exist without technology, but what I mean by living is not surviving, or simply the physical qualities our bodies have while we are living, but being part of the society and being a more or less accepted human being amongRead MoreGun control8728 Words   |  35 Pagesoppose or support gun control. Not so. We h ave a range of alternatives. Even this way of speaking oversimplifies our choices since there are two distinct scales on which to place alternatives. One scale concerns the degree (if at all) to which guns should be abolished. This scale moves from those who want no abolition (NA) of any guns, through those who want moderate abolition (MA) - to forbid access to some subclasses of guns - to those who want absolute abolition (AA). The second scale concerns the

What Is a Black Light and How Does it Work

Have you ever wondered what a black light is? Did you know there are different types of black lights? Heres a look at what black lights are and how you can find and use a black light. Key Takeaways: What Is a Black Light? A black light is a type of lamp that emits primarily ultraviolet light and very little visible light. Because the light is outside the range of human vision, it is invisible, so a room illuminated with a black light appears dark.There are many types of black lights, including special fluorescent lamps, LEDs, incandescent lamps, and lasers. These light are not created equal, as each produces a unique spectrum of light.Black lights are used to observe fluorescence, in tanning beds, to attract insects, for artistic effects, for disinfection, and to cure plastics. What Is a Black Light? A black light is a lamp that emits ultraviolet light. Black lights also are known as ultraviolet lamps, UV-A light, and Woods lamp. The name Woods lamp honors Robert Williams Wood, the inventor of glass UV filters. Nearly all of the light of good black light should be in the UV portion of the spectrum, with very little visible light. Why Is a Black Light Called a Black Light? Although black lights emit light, ultraviolet light is not visible to human eyes, so the light is black as far as your eyes are concerned. A light that only gives off ultraviolet light would leave a room in apparent total darkness. Many black lights also emit some violet light. This allows you see that the light is on, which is helpful in avoiding over-exposure to ultraviolet light, which can damage your eyes and skin. Types of Black Lights Black lights come in many different forms. There are incandescent lights, fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and mercury-vapor lamps. Incandescent lights produce very little ultraviolet light, so they actually make poor black lights. Some consist simply of filters over other light sources that block visible light but permit the passage of ultraviolet wavelength. This type of bulb or filter generally produces light with a dim violet-blue cast, so the lighting industry designates these devices as BLB, which stands for blacklight blue. Other lamps lack a filter. These lamps tend to be brighter in the visible spectrum. A good example is the type of fluorescent bulb used in bug zappers. This type of lamp is designated BL, which stands for black light. Black light or ultraviolet lasers produce coherent, monochromatic radiation that is completely invisible to the human eye. Its particularly important to wear eye protection when working with such devices because the light can cause immediate and permanent blindness and other tissue damage. Black Light Uses Black lights have many uses. Ultraviolet light is used to observe fluorescent dyes, improve the brightness of phosphorescent materials, cure plastics, attract insects, promote melanin production (tanning) in skin, and illuminate artwork. There are multiple medical applications of black lights. Ultraviolet light is used for disinfection; diagnosing fungal infections, bacterial infections, acne, melanoma, ethylene glycol poisoning; and in treatment of neonatal jaundice. Black Light Safety Most black lights are relatively safe because the UV light they emit is in the longwave UVA range. This is the region closest to that of visible light. UVA has been linked to human skin cancer, so extended exposure to black light radiation should be avoided. UVA penetrates deeply into skin layers, where it can damage DNA. UVA does not cause sunburn, but it can destroy vitamin A, damage collagen, and promote skin aging. Some black lights emit more light in the UVB range. These lights can cause skin burns. Because this light has a higher energy than UVA or visible light, it can damage cells more quickly. Ultraviolet light exposure can damage the lens of the eye, potentially leading to cataract formation. Sources Gupta, I. K.; Singhi, M. K. (2004). Woods Lamp. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 70 (2): 131–5.Kitsinelis, Spiros (2012). The Right Light: Matching Technologies to Needs and Applications. CRC Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-1439899311.Le, Tao; Krause, Kendall (2008). First Aid for the Basic Sciences—General Principles. McGraw-Hill Medical.Simpson, Robert S. (2003). Lighting Control: Technology and Applications. Taylor Francis. p. 125. ISBN 978-0240515663Zaithanzauva Pachuau; Ramesh Chandra Tiwari (2008). Ultraviolet Light- its Effects and Applications. Science Vision. 8 (4): 128.

Essay on The Inevitable American Civil War - 1817 Words

The American civil war was completely inevitable. Though efforts had been made by the Republicans to stop the war, southerners were the major contributors to the war. Actions of the southerners were intended at starting a war. Though northerners did not intend to start the war, they could not void retaliating after attacks were launched by the confederates. The American civil war is one of the historic dark moments that are in the memory of the country was lasted for 4 years, between the years 1961-1965. The conflict that existed was between the north and the south states of the U.S. The conflict led to mass destruction of property and man lives were lost during the war. The war had a great impact in creating awareness in the U.S despite†¦show more content†¦The inevitability of the war was due to the following reasons: Disagreement between the North and the South on Slavery The most important and focal point of the war was slavery. In the 1800’s there existed the Free states and those states that were classified as slavery states. There existed major differences between these states over the authority of the government to halt and illegalize slavery. In the year 1860, presidential elections were in the U.S. The then presidential candidate of the Republican Party was completely against slavery in the U.S. On the other hand, the republicans were totally against the abolition and banning of slave trade in the U.S. Slaves were a contentious issue due to divided interests between them due to the role they played in the economies of the states that depended on the contribution of slave labor (James Michael, 25). Luckily or unluckily, Lincoln won the 1860 elections. The win meant that the agenda of abolishing slave trade in the U.S would be an automatic one but it did not come so easy, there was a battle ahead after Lincoln’s win that had to pay the cost for the anti-slavery campaign, the civil war. Before Lincoln was inaugurated as the next president of the U.S, the seven states of the south seceded to form what they referred to as the Confederate States of America. Other states from the north formed what they termed as union states. This move was termed as unconstitutional and inappropriateShow MoreRelatedWas The American Civil War An Inevitable?1390 Words   |  6 PagesSabrina Scovino Was the American Civil War an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution? The American Revolution marked significant changes in the political, social, and economic status of the Americans. For a long, time the lives of the Americans were darkened by the British colonial rule. The British government passed several intolerable Acts. For instance, the Massachusetts Government Act was a restriction to town meetings. As a result, the American opponents began collective actionsRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable1975 Words   |  8 Pagesitself cannot stand were the words of Abraham Lincoln in a republican convention on June 17,1858 in Illinois. The inevitable debate over slavery, popular sovereignty, the publishing of Uncle Toms Cabin, and Lincolns election would eventually have brothers versus brothers fighting each other in a bloody war. Religion, economics and the lost of power made the civil war an inevitable one. Popular sovereignty is the ideal that people could choose their laws such ideal Lewis Cass first broughtRead MoreWas the American Civil War Inevitable?2559 Words   |  11 PagesWas the American civil war inevitable? The civil war was inevitable, only however, after one key event; the cotton gin made the civil war inevitable. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 was the key element which enabled the south to have sufficient vested interest in their traditional lifestyle in order to feel the need to defend it at all costs even from their Northern countrymen. The core argument of this essay centres around the evidence which clearly defines their being in existence twoRead MoreInevitable or Avoidable: The American Civil War1877 Words   |  8 Pages The biggest war that ever happened was the Civil War. This was the most deadliest, and hurtful wars between the North and the South. This war lasted for four years straight from 1861 to 1865. So many events led up to this war which made it so brutal. I believe that the events that took place to start the civil war could have been easily avoided by just a little communication that they did not use around that time. I do not believe everything that hap pened in those four years should have happenedRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War was inevitable in many reasons. The economic and industrial evolution was mainly in the North side of the United States while the South was just a cotton kingdom, Slave Empire. Also both were completely opposites of one another when it was about freeing the slaves or hiring more. With many debates there has to be sides that would be separated especially if the president has so much hate from the people. With that being said, since many want opposing ideas, the Civil War becomes muchRead MoreEssay on The American Civil War Was Inevitable1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Civil War: one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. The dividing of a newly birthed nation upon itself - the turmoil created threatened to collapse a unified yearning for independence. A nation once united by the solace of solidar ity, once tread on by the tyranny of a motherland, once triumphant in a fight for freedom, became segregated by principle. Power and greed fueled a dichotomy between color and people which repercussions lingeredRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War between the North and South was the result of two cultures that economically, morally, and legally clashed on almost all levels. The steadily growing conflict between the two parts of the union makes it hard to pinpoint the origin or the cause of the resulting war. The conflict arose from a nation thats geographical areas had slowly grown apart in their ideals and also their source of income, which is often the cause of strife between battling regions. This rift driven between the twoRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War Was Inevitable1813 Words   |  8 PagesSouth is truly one of the most defining events in American history. Through numerous events leading up to the start of the Civil War, I will attempt to show how the United States was destined for conflict and that the Civil War was inevitable. The first way I will show how the war could not be avoided will deal with the issue of slavery. Slavery should be the first mentioned because many conflicts within the United States leading up to the Civil War and the division of the United States dealt withRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the other hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreSlav ery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the bloodiest military conflict in American history leaving over 500 thousand dead and over 300 thousand wounded (Roark 543-543). One might ask, what caused such internal tension within the most powerful nation in the world? During the nineteenth century, America was an infant nation, but toppling the entire world with its social, political, and economic innovations. In addition, immigrants were migrating from their native land to live the American dream (Roark 405-407)

Essay The Sisterhood Of The Traveling Pants - 989 Words

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants Ann Brashares When a pair of jeans manages to work on four diffirent best friends and make each look uniquely special, thats when you know youre in possession of a truly remarkable article of clothing. The pants of, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, by Ann Brashares, is what makes the book complete. Even though this novel is a girly book; thats what makes the characters more relatable, the plot interesting in almost gossipy way, and the theme, which is the importance of friendship. The characters are relatable. Carmen is the most thoughtful of the four friends, and recognizes the importance of friendship more than others do. Carmen is half Puerto Rican and half White, she lives with†¦show more content†¦Bridget for example, has a bad relationship with one of her soccer coaches. She constantly flirts with her coach Eric, to the point where she sneaks out one night to a local bar just to see him. A few days later she snuck out to his cabin and they have sex. Afterwards, she gets very upset and cant get out of bed for days. Carmen goes to visit her dad. When she gets there though, she sees he has a new family already and feels mad and replaced. Eventually it gets to the point where she cant take it any more and runs away. Carmen expects her dad to come out looking for her, but when he does nothing she hops on a bus and goes back home. Feeling extremely guilty about the whole ordeal, she finally calls him and tells him how she feels. Deciding to surprise h im, she flies to South Carolina on the day of his wedding and heads to the church. Lena paints walks and talks her days away. One day, shes skinny dipping in a secluded pond, when suddenly a boy named Kostos walks in on her. She goes to her grandfather and tells him about it. He makes a big deals a bout it and triggers a family feud between Lenas family and the family of Kostos. Secretly, the kids start seeing each other and fall in love. Tibby gets a summer job. She immediately hates it, like everything else, and decides to make a suckumentary about how bad her summer is going to be. Bailey, a girl with cancer, shows her that things really arent that bad and they decide to drop the suckShow MoreRelatedMusic And Its Effect On Life1167 Words   |  5 Pages Kenzie, Sara, Sara, and I were listening to True Friends in my basement while they helped me pack. This is when we discovered The Pants. Much like Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants by Anna Brashare, the five of us, ranging in siz es from 00 through size 8, found a pair of pants that fit all of us. Between True Friends playing in the background and the â€Å"magical† pants that fit us all, destiny had a way of making sure we would be friends for a lifetime. As each of us travels through life, I am alwaysRead MoreTambrands—Overcoming Cultural Resistance2958 Words   |  12 Pagesgreat frontier of tampons, but it could be the seductive noose of the global expansion objective.† The company’s new global campaign for Tambrands is a big shift from most feminine protection product ads, which often show frisky women dressed in white pants biking or turning cartwheels, while discreetly pushing messages of comfort. The new campaign features local women talking frankly about what had been a taboo subject in many countries. A recent Brazilian ad shows a close-up of a tampon while the narratorRead MoreWomen and the Media3250 Words   |  13 Pagesset of â€Å"Baywatch† along Pamela Ande rson, or on the set of desperate housewives, of featured in a music video. She is portrayed as the ugly fat girl in high school, with no friends. Prior to â€Å"Ugly Betty† America also played in â€Å"the sisterhood of the traveling pants,† another role where she played the unpopular fat girl, with only two friends, who’s father forgets about her. This is not only an issue of biasness, but also an example of how body image is portrayed, and negatively affecting young

Taxation Legal Agreement for Selling

Question: Describe about the Taxation for Legal Agreement for Selling. Answer: Case 1: Capital Gain Tax Issue Fred is an Australian resident and he is the owner of a holiday home. The holiday home is located in Blue Mountains. In the month of August of pervious year, he signed a legal agreement for selling his property. In the month of February of the current financial year, all the legal works was completed and he received an amount of $800,000 as the selling amount. From that, he paid $1,100 as the fees for the necessary legal works and this amount comes under GST (CARSLAW, 2012). He also has to give an amount of $9,000 to the real estate agent as his commission for the deal. This amount is also included under GST. In the month of March of the year 1987, he purchased his property for the amount $100,000. In that time, he also spent $2,000 as the stamp duty fees and also paid an amount of $1,000 as the legal fees. He also spent $20,000 for building a garage in his property in the time of January of the year 1990. Total Capital Gain for Fred for the recent year has to calculate by assuming the net loss in the capital from the previous year is $10,000 by the process of sales of his shares. In the case of occurring of losses by the process of selling of an antique vase, the loss or gain in the capital amount has to be calculated. Applicable Laws The capital loss or gain has to be calculated during the process of selling any assets (Thomson, 2013). The calculation is totally based on actual value and the selling amount. According to the Taxation Law of Australia, in the case when selling amount is higher than actual prices, capital gain occurs and individual has to pay certain amount to the government based on the capital gain amount. This tax is classified as Capital Gain Tax. In the case of capital losses, capital loss has to be calculated and also it has to be deducted from the amount of total value of capital gain amount. The business assets are excluded from the category of capital gain taxation. These types of tax exemptions are applicable to the personal assets like furniture, car, home etc. In accordance with the Australian taxation systems, if the property is of an Australian then CGT has to be paid, but in the case of foreign Australian citizen then CGT also have to be paid only in the condition if foreign resident purchase the property in that country. Application of Laws In the given scenario being an Australian Fred have to pay the tax as it comes under the CGT taxation limits. He sold the property at the price of $800,000 that he purchased in 1987 with the amount $100,000. In the case of single home, the resident did not have to pay tax as per the Australian legalization if only their family live in that house and on rental facility available in that house premises. In the present scenario, Fred have different home in the country, so he has to pay CGT. Issue a. Expenditures Amount Total selling value $800,000 Total amount of agent commission and legal fees $ (9,900 + 1,100) = $11,000 Thus, the total Disposal Amount $789,000 Cost value of purchase $100,000 Stamp duty fees $2,000 Legal Fees amount $ 1,000 Construction cost of house $20,000 Total spending by Fred $(100,000 + 20,000 + 2,000 + 1,000) = $123,000 Capital Gain of Fred $ (789,000 - 123,000) = $666,000 The discounted amount at the rate of 50%, the value $666,000 * 50% = $333,000 The capital loss of Fred from previous year $10,000 In this case, the taxable amount under CGT $323,000 Issue b According to the CGT legalization of Australia in the case of Fred suffer from capital loss from the previous year on an antique vase, but he purchased that vase prior to 26th June of 1992 so it not counted under antique asset (Smith, n.d.). So, in this case the loss of capital will not subtract (Taxation, 1995). In this case, Fred purchases that vase after that period so the capital loss from the selling of antique vase is not being subtracted from the total amount of capital loss (Tax convention with Australia, 1982). Conclusion After the analysis of the legalizations of the Australian laws, Fred has to pay CGT at the end of the present year (Gates, 2013). He has to pay $323,000 as the CGT amount for the purpose of selling of his property in Blue Mountains. In the situation of capital loss of amount $10,000 for the process of selling the antique vase is to be subtracted from the total value of capital gain amount for the current year (Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion, 2002). All the calculation of the CGT is done here according to the legalization of Australian taxation guidelines. Case 2: Fringe Benefit Tax Issue Periwinkle Pty Ltd is one of the leading bathtub companies of Australia. The organization supplies their products to the customers directly (Meares, 2014). Emma works in this organization. She has to travel a lot for the official purposes. For this reason, the company provides a car to her, although the use of the car is not limited for the official purpose only. The company purchased a car of an amount $33,000 on 1st May of the year 2015. Emma has the facility of using the car onwards. For the time frame of 1st May of 2015 to 31st March of 2016, she travelled by the car of a distance of more or less 10,000 KM. In this time period, she spent $550 for the minor repairing works of her car, but the company repays that amount of money to her. During the phase of her interstate visit, she did not use the car for the time period of 10 days and during the repairing phase she also did not use the car for the 5 days time frame. The company offers a loan of $500,000 at the interest of 4.45% to Emma on 1st September of 2015. She spent $450,000 for purchasing a holiday home (Kenny, n.d.). And rest amount she lent her to her husband and that is obviously interest free. Her husband utilizes that money for purchasing shares of the organization Telstra in his own name. As per the Australian laws, the loan amount for purchasing the private assets comes under the category of deductible income whereas in the case of purchasing of income-producing assets it is deductable (Issues for consideration in taxation reform, 2015). In the current year, she brought a bathtub from her company at $1,300. Although, the price of the bathtub is $2,600; but in her purchase she got employee discount from the organization. The production cost of the product is $700. In this scenario, the company has to calculate Fringe Benefit Tax by considering all the above aspects. In the case if Emma utilizes the money for purchasing shares in her own names, then difference in the FBT amount also has to be calculated. Applicable Laws The section 7 of the Fringe Benefit Tax Act includes all the necessary aspects of this taxation (Clarke, 2007). It states that if the transportation facility offered by the companies is used by the employees for both official as well as personal use, then the FBT amount have to deposit by employees (Freebairn, 2016). The section nine also includes the required formulations for evaluating the FBT tax on the amount spent for purchase of the car (Double taxation, 2003). It also states that in the case of offering a loan to the employees by the organization, the organization also has to evaluate the FBT benefits on the loan amount, and deductible interest also has to be calculated (Freebairn, 2010). Evaluation of the laws For Issue i The FBT tax has to be evaluated in these contexts: Part 1: Particulars Amount The cost of the car is $33,000 and it also included under GST. So, the amount excluding GST $30,000 The car repairing cost $550 and it is also included of GST. So, the net amount $500 No of days for which the car used by Emma 31st march of 2016 to 1st May of 2015 = 335 days In addition, the car also was not used for total 15 days the purpose of car repairing and interstate tours (335-15) = 320 days Total 10,000 kilo meter was travelled in 320 days For the car, the Fringe Value $ (30,000*0.2*320/365 ) = $5260.27 The organization also repay the cost of car repairing, do the total FBT value ($5260.27 + $550) = $5810.27 Part 2: The company offers the loan of amount $500,000 to Emma at the rate of interest of 4.45%. From that she uses $450,000 for purchasing a house. So, the amount of interest on the loan amount = $ (500,000 * 4.45%) = $22,250 As per the market, the interest on the loan is at the rate of 10%. So, the total interest = $ (500,000 * 10%) = $50,000 The organization has to pay FBT amount = $(50,000 22,250) = $27,750 Emma give the rest amount to her husband for purchasing shares in his name, so FBT amount is = $27,750 Part 3: Emma purchased a bathtub at the discounted rate of $1,300 that has market price $2,600. So, the organization has to pay the amount as FBT = $ (2600 - $1300) = $1300 The organization has to pay FBT at the rates of 47%. Particulars Amount Total amount disbursed by Periwinkle $ (5,810.27 + 27,750 + 1,300) = $34,860 The Fringe tax has to paid $ (34,860 * 47%) = $16,385 Issue b In this case, if she brought in her name then it will come under deductible tax amount. Particulars Amount The FBT value for that loan amount $(450,000 * (10-4.45)%) = $24,975 So, FBT amount at the rate of 47% $(5810.27 + 24,975 + 1,300) = $15,080 Conclusion After the analysis of the laws, the FBT value in the first case has to be paid is $16,385; but in the second case the FBT value is $15,080. The alteration in the value is due to the ways of utilization of loan amount. References CARSLAW, H. (2012). THE UNIFORM INCOME TAX IN AUSTRALIA.Economic Record, 18(2), pp.158-167. Clarke, G. (2007). Uniform Taxation.The Australian Quarterly, 19(3), p.83. Double taxation. (2003). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State. Freebairn, J. (2010). Taxation and Obesity?.Australian Economic Review, 43(1), pp.54-62. Freebairn, J. (2016). Taxation of Housing.Australian Economic Review, 49(3), pp.307-316. Gates, R. (2013). Australian taxation and U.S. investment.Australian Outlook, 7(4), pp.236-237. Issues for consideration in taxation reform. (2015). Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service. Kenny, D. (n.d.). Australian Taxation and Ethics: Colonisation to Costello-Risation.SSRN Electronic Journal. Meares, C. (2014). TAXATION RELIEF.Australian Dental Journal, 9(5), pp.433-433. Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion. (2002). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Smith, J. (n.d.). Australian State Income Taxation: A Historical Perspective.SSRN Electronic Journal. Tax convention with Australia. (1982). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Taxation. (1995). Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service. Thomson, N. (2013). Taxation: Dependants and Equity.The Australian Quarterly, 45(2), p.97.

Neurological Assessment To Injury Patient †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Neurological Assessment To A Injury Patient? Answer: Introducation Neurological assessment is the most important component in the care of head injury patients. It helps detect the presence of neurological deficit, injury and examine its progression, helps in determination of patients response to the carers interventions and the type of care they should be provided with. First up, a comprehensive exam should be carried out covering movement, reflexes, sensation, cranial nerves, cerebellar function, mentation and consciousness. This examination will form a foundation for comparison of subsequent findings. Subsequent examinations are focused on problems, specifying on the NS parts of the patient (Menon et al. 2010). The patients condition determines the frequency of the assessments. In the case of a closed or open head injury, the initial assessment should be coupled up with resuscitation in application of the principles of severe trauma management. These will minimize ischaemia and hypoxia from causing secondary brain injury (Papa et al. 2012). Its important to avoid distraction of attention from carrying out core tasks like maintaining perfusion and cerebral oxygenation and securing an airway in cases of open head wound. The patients level of consciousness is assessed continuously through the shift and up to 72 hours. This ensures outoward pathology is in check since consciousness is its cardinal sign. Obvious injuries like bruises/ contusions and lacerations on the scalp are observed, memory loss, balance/ gait problems, confusion, visual disturbances, difficulty in speaking, headache, pupil reactions and unequal sizes, vomiting and alternating periods of lethargy and coherence (Hoffmann et al. 2012). These observations go on until the patient is asymptomatic for a particular amount of time or a minimum of 72 hours. The frequency of the neurological assessment should be 15mins. For 2hrs; 30mins. For 2hrs; 60mins. For 4hrs; 8hrs. For 16hrs and 8hrs for a minimum of 72 hrs and until the patient is stable. At a minimum, neurological assessments include: blood pressure, pulse and respiration measurements. Reactivity and pupil size assessment and hand grip strength. The Glasgow coma scale is completed im mediately then once in each proceeding shifts to help keep the findings objective. Consciousness disturbance may trail focal damage to the reticular pattern that extends to the caudal medulla from the midbrain rostral. The caudal medulla projects widely to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex as all sensory pathways input to it. Consciousness is not affected by focal cortical lesions but cerebral cortex general depression may lead to a coma. Since pure descriptive methods have flaws in the measurement of consciousness as one observers drowsy is anothers somnolent, a Glasgow Coma Scale is used as a measure of the same. The Glasgow Coma Scale changes therefore form the basis of many management decisions. It takes into account human anatomy and physiology to derive graphical representations of the assessments outcome i.e. patients eye opening (these includes spontaneous, to speech or to pain and none), best verbal response (here we have none, incomprehensible to sounds, inappropriate words, confused, oriented and for tracheostomy tube patients its T) and best motor response (the patient is required to perform tasks like lifting arms or squeezing fingers). The primary assessment is followed by a secondary survey which includes a more thorough neurological exam and GCS reassessment. The face, neck and head are re examined. Higher functions are assessed, followed by cranial nerves, motor function and sensory function (Leblanc, 2012). The important neurological observation is to notice a trend that will be useful in identification of neurological deficit. Observations become more useful with subsequent observations. An increase in GCS with time is a good sign while its drop may require urgent surgery since it marks a deterioration. References Hoffmann, M., Lefering, R., Rueger, J. M., Kolb, J. P., Izbicki, J. R., Ruecker, A. H., ... Lehmann, W. (2012). Pupil evaluation in addition to Glasgow Coma Scale components in prediction of traumatic brain injury and mortality. British journal of surgery, 99(S1), 122-130. Leblanc, A. (2012). The cranial nerves: anatomy imaging vascularisation. Springer Science Business Media. Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., Maas, A. I. (2010). Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 91(11), 1637-1640 Papa, L., Lewis, L. M., Silvestri, S., Falk, J. L., Giordano, P., Brophy, G. M., ... Mondello, S. (2012). Serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase distinguish mild traumatic brain injury from trauma controls and are elevated in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 72(5), 1335-1344.